Relationship between Body Mass Index and Biochemical Parameters in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic degenerative disease that belongs to the group of metabolic
diseases, which is characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia, due to a failure in insulin
secretion. Internationally, this condition represents a serious public health problem, since there are
comorbidities that are also public health problems that favor the appearance of this health condition.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, being a metabolic disease, modifies a series of biomarkers or also called
biochemical parameters that are determinants to achieve a diagnosis and follow-up of people who
have this disease, for example: Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol,
triglycerides and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); the increase of these parameters in blood
indicates the alteration of the different metabolic pathways and normal physiology of the organism due
to the increase in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Other parameters that are also of important
consideration are the presence of arterial hypertension which is a pressure equal to or greater than
140 mmHg of systolic pressure and a pressure equal to or greater than 90 mmHg; Another easy-touse
tool is the body mass index (BMI), which helps to quickly classify the degree of obesity of a
patient with normal weight, overweight or obesity. There are multiple causalities that favor the
appearance of this health condition, some risk factors are smoking, overweight or obesity, physical
inactivity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension, dyslipidemias and unhealthy lifestyles.