ANALYSIS OF THYROID LESIONS IN PATIENTS USING IODISED SALT

Aims: The main objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of various thyroid lesions in patients who consumed non iodized salt and in patients using iodized salt using histopathology. The issues we examine here in these two study groups are age group in which lesions are more common, the incidence of various thyroid lesions, the most common type of lesion, and percentage of benign and malignant lesion.

Methodology: Universal iodization of salt in India was done in 2004. Histopathology study of 100 thyroid lesions, fifty patients taking non iodized salt before 2004 and fifty cases taking iodized salt after 2004 were taken. Age, sex, diet pattern, radiological investigation of these patients along with cytological and histopathological details of thyroid lesions was collected and the frequency and proportions analysed in Microsoft excel spread sheet.

Results: In our study of 100 cases, highest percentage of thyroid lesions among patients taking noniodised salt was in 21-30 years of age, whereas in iodised salt was 31-40 years of age. The percentage of benign thyroid lesions among non iodised and iodised was 74% and 70% respectively. The percentage of colloid goiter among patients using non iodised salt was 52% and iodised salt was 56%. The percentage of malignant thyroid lesions among nonidodised and iodised salt was 26% and 30% respectively. The percentage of papillary carcinoma thyroid among patients taking non iodised salt was 24% and iodised salt taking patients was 28%.

Conclusion: There is delayed onset of thyroid lesions after using iodised salt. The incidence of papillary carcinoma of thyroid is increased after using iodised salt.