Significance of Mulching on Soil Conservation

The rapidly expanding global population, coupled with limited accessible freshwater resources and recurrent climatic fluctuations, have placed significant stress on humanity. This pressure has necessitated decisive actions to curb water wastage. Concurrently, water conservation initiatives have gained momentum, particularly within the world's largest water-intensive sector, agriculture. One notable advancement in enhancing water use efficiency in agronomy is the widespread adoption of drip irrigation. This method involves the precise delivery of water directly to the root zone of crops, minimizing water losses up to 70% attributed to evaporation and distribution inefficiencies. Furthermore, the synergistic application of mulching in conjunction with drip irrigation in arid crop cultivation has emerged as a robust strategy for alleviating water stress in agriculture. Mulch, comprising natural, synthetic, or blended materials, serves as a protective layer between the soil and the atmosphere. Its multifaceted benefits include efficient soil moisture retention, regulation of soil temperature, prevention of nutrient leaching, improved fertilizer utilization, erosion resistance, weed suppression, and aesthetic enhancement of landscapes. This review paper comprehensively explores various facets of mulching, underscoring its role as a dynamic tool for water and soil management in agriculture while preserving the intrinsic value of cultivated crops.